References

1          Bin Laden’s statement “We love death. The U.S. loves life. That is the big difference between us” is discussed at http://www.mundanebehavior.org/issues/v5n1/pies5-1.htm. The statement by Shehzad Tanweer, Al Qaeda leader and one of the planners of the 7/7 bombings in London, “We love death the way you love life,” was shown on tape on Al-Jazeera on 6 July 2006. See also Alan Dershowitz, “Worshippers of Death,” Wall Street Journal, 3 March 2008; also available online at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120450617910806563.html?mod=rss_opinion_main. The statement by Hasan Nassralah, secretary general of Hezbollah (“We love death . . . we will win”) was mentioned by Steven Stalinsky in “Dealing in Death,” National Review, 24 May 2004; also available online at http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/stalinsky200405240846.asp. All these statements originated from the battle of Al-Qādisiyyah (around 636 CE), where the commander of the Muslim forces, Khalid ibn al-Walid, threatened the commander of the opposing Persian army with a letter containing the phrase: “you should know that I have come to you with an army of men that love death, as you love life.” See MEMRI (Middle East Media Research Institute), Inquiry and Analysis series, no. 163 (19 February 2004); also available online at  http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=ia&ID=IA16304#_ednref9.

13        Andrei Sakharov, “Reflections on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom–Text of Essay by Russian Nuclear Physicist Urging Soviet-American Cooperation,” The New York Times, 22 July 1968.

17–42  For a more detailed description of the episodes in prison, see Natan Sharansky, Fear No Evil (New York: Random House, 1988).

29, 37  Documents of the Moscow Helsinki Group 1976–1982, Zao Ritz “Zatsena” publishing, Moscow 2001; also available online at http://www.mhg.ru/files/knigi/docMHG.pdf.

46–47  The concept of “nations/ peoples without history” was developed in a series of articles in the daily newspaper Neue Rheinische Zeitung, which was published from 1848–1849 and edited by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For examples, see Neue Rheinische Zeitung no. 194 (13 January 1849) and Neue Rheinische Zeitung no. 222 (14 February 1849).

48        Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, with an introduction by Martin Malia (New York: Penguin University Press, 1998).

49        Karl Marx, “Draft of an Article on Friedrich List’s Book: Das Nationale System der Politichen Ökonomie,” Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1976).

50        Friedrich Engels, “Extraordinary Revelations—Abd-el-Kader—Guizot’s Foreign Policy,” Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1976).

51        Friedrich Engels, “The Struggle in Hungary,” Neue Rheinische Zeitung, no. 212 (3 February 1849).

52        Friedrich Engels, Letter to Marx in London, 23 May 1851. Der Briefwechsel zwischen F. Engels und K. Marx (1913); see http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1851/letters/51_05_23.htm.

54        Rosa Luxembourg, The National Question, ed. Horace B. Davis (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1976).

54, 71  Joseph Stalin, Marxism and the National Question (London: Martin Lawrence Limited); also available online at http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03.htm.

54        For more on Marx and the need to change the world, see Karl Marx, “Theses on Feuerbach,” Selected Writings, ed. David McLellan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978); also available online at http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/index.htm.

54V. I. Lenin, “Cultural National Autonomy” and “Socialism and the Self Determination of Nations,” Collected Works (Progress Publishers).

56        Richard Pipes, ed. The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive (Yale University Press, 1996), pp. 152–154.

58        Karl Marx, “On the Jewish Question,” Marx—Engels Reader, 2d edition, edited by Robert C. Tucker (New York: Norton, 1978).

62–63  H. G. Wells, An Experiment in Autobiography (New York: MacMillan, 1934).

63        George Bernard Shaw, The Rationalization of Russia, ed. Harry M. Geduld (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964).

63        Leon Feuchtwanger, Moscow 1937 (Moscow: Zacharov, 2001).

63–64  For the Paul Robeson and Itzhak Feffer episode, see David Horowitz, Radical Son (New York: The Free Press, 1997).

69, 73  Eric Hobsbawm, "Ethnicity and Nationalism in Europe Today,” Anthropology Today, vol. 8, no. 1 (1992), available online at http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0268-540X(199202)8:1<3:EANIET>2.0.CO;2-H, and Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (Cambridge University Press, 1990). In “An anti-nationalist account of nationalism since 1989,” p. 73, “hunger to belong” is a “symptom of sickness” that creates “the illusion of nations and nationalism as an irresistibly rising force ready for the third millennium.” And on p. 75: “It was the great achievement of the communist regimes in multinational countries to limit the disastrous effects of nationalism within them.”

70        Eric Hobsbawm, Interesting Times: A Twentieth-Century Life (Pantheon, 2003).

70–71  Mary Kaldor, “Nationalism and Globalisation,” Nations and Nationalism, October 2004.

71        Donna C. Stanton, Presidential address, 2005, “On Rooted Cosmopolitanism,” PMLA, vol. 121, no. 3 (May 2006), pp. 627–640.

72        Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, http://europa.eu/constitution/index_en.htm

72        Jurgen Habermas, “The European Nation-State—Its Achievements and Its Limits,” Mapping the Nation, ed. Gopal Balakrishnan (London: Verso, 1996), pp. 281–294.

73        Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Random House, 1975).

73        Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, rev. ed., 1981).

73        The Invention of Tradition, ed. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (Cambridge University Press, 1987).

74        Parekh Bikhu, chair of 2000 report “The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain.” Interviewed on 22 November 2006. Also from Parekh Bikhu, Rethinking Multiculturalism (London: MacMillan, 2000).

74        Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach, ed. Tariq Modood, Anna Triandafyllidou, and Ricard Zapata-Barrero (London: Routledge, 2006). Also The Politics of Multiculturalism in the New Europe: Racism, Identity and Community, ed. Tariz Modood and Pnina Werbner.

75        Melanie Phillips, Londonistan (Encounter Books, rev. ed., 2007).

75        Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Infidel (Free Press, 2007).

75, 137            Bruce Bawer, While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam Is Destroying the West from Within (Broadway, 2007).

76        Seyran Ates quotation in NPR.com article “In Europe, Muslim Women Face Multiple Issues,” 20 January 2008; also available online at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18234876. Note: Ates has resigned from her law practice due to death threats.

76        BBC story, “MI5 tracking 30 UK terror plots,” 10 November 2006; also available online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6134516.stm.

80–81  Eleanor Roosevelt, speech delivered on 28 September 1948 in Paris, France. See http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/eleanorroosevelt.htm.

80–82  Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the U.N. General Assembly on 10 December 1948. See http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html.

83–85  American Anthropological Association, “Statement on Human Rights,” American Anthropologist, vol. 49, no. 4 (1947); also available online at http://www.jstor.org/page/termsConfirm.jsp?redirectUri=/stable/pdfplus/662893.pdf. Anthropological Association’s Committee for Human Rights, “Declaration on Anthropology and Human Rights,” adopted on June 1999; see http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/humanrts.htm.

84        Allen Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (Simon & Schuster, 1987).

97–98  For Tony Blair statement, see “Blair launches stinging attack on ‘absurd’ British Islamists,” The Guardian, 1 July 2007; also available online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/01/uk.terrorism.

99        Van den Boogaard, “De terreur van de angst,” op-ed piece in De Standaard (Brussels), 23 October 2006; also available online at http://www.standaard.be/partners/index.asp?articleID=G3E13HSTB. Mentioned also in Paul Belien, “The Rape of Europe” at http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/1609/print.

99        Abraham Lincoln, First inaugural address, 4 March 1861. See http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln1.htm.

105      Jean Baudrillard, America (London: Verso, 1989).

105      Hubert Védrine, speech on 3 November 1999 at a gathering organized by the French International Relations Institute. Védrine’s speech is quoted in Craig R. Whitney, “France Presses for a Power Independent of the U.S.,” The New York Times, 7 November 1999; also available online at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E00E5D6173AF934A35752C1A96F958260.

105      “Europe Barks. But Does It Bite?” Newsweek, June 2002; also available online at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmnew/is_200206/ai_kepm310198.

106      Stephen F. Knott, “Reagan's critics—former US Pres. Ronald Reagan,” The National Interest, Summer 1996.

106      Steven Rattner, “Britons Reassured by Reagan's Visit,” The New York Times, 10 June 1982.

106      “Ronald Reagan's Flower Power,” The New York Times, 9 June 1982.

106      Owen Harries, “European ‘Sophistication’ vs. American ‘Naivete,’” Commentary Magazine, December 1983.

106–107          Dominique Moïsi quoted in “In the World of Good and Evil,” The Economist, 15 September 2006.

107      Nicolas Sarkozy, speech by President Sarkozy before Congress, 7 November 2007. See http://www2.nysun.com/pf.php?id=66054&v=3847099021.

107      Jean-François Revel, La Grande Parade. Essai sur la survie de l'utopie socialiste (Paris: Plon, 2000).

116      “Almost a quarter of Muslims believe 7/7 was justified,” The Daily Mail, 3 August 2006; also available online at  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=399352&in_page_id=1770.

116      See “Female Genital Mutilation,”  International Center for Reproductive Health, Ghent, Belgium, 2008. For data on female genital mutilation, see http://www.medhunters.com/articles/fgm.html.

118      “U.S. to defend Muslim girl wearing scarf in school,” CNN, 31 March 2004; also available online at http://www.cnn.com/2004/LAW/03/30/us.school.headscarves/.

121      Michael Walzer, What It Means to Be an American (Marsilio Publishers, 1996).

122      John Higham, “Multiculturalism and Universalism,” American Quarterly, vol. 45, no. 2, special issue on multiculturalism (June 1993), pp. 195–219.

123      The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, ed. Gabriel Abraham Almond and Verba Sidney (Sage Publications, Inc.; new ed., 1989).

123      The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America. See http://www.ushistory.org/Declaration/document/index.htm.

123      Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America. (University of Chicago Press; new ed., 2000).

125      James Madison, The Federalist Papers, article 10, “The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection,” 22 November 1787. See http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa10.htm.

Page 127          The quotation “a Jew at home and a man in the street” is from Judah Leib Gordon’s poem “Hakitza Ami” (1863).

128      The Pittsburgh Platform. Reform Rabbis Conference Declaration, 19 November 1885. Available online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/pittsburgh_program.html.

128      The Columbus Platform, 1937. Available online at http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/colplat.htm.

128–129          A Centenary Perspective, adopted at a San Francisco Reform movement conference, 1976. Available online at http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/100.htm.

134      Pew research: “Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream,” 22 May 2006; also available online at http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=329.

136      Charles de Gaulle, “The Objects of Free France” speech delivered at a meeting organized by Les Français de Grande-Bretagne in London on 15 November 1941. Available online at http://www.charles-de-gaulle.org/article.php3?id_article=287.

136      Winston Churchill, “War of the Unknown Warriors” speech on the BBC, London, on 14 July 1940. Available online at  http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=419.

136      Franklin D. Roosevelt, Third inaugural address, 20 January, 1941. Available online at http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/froos3.htm.

138      For a discussion of the passion that democracy requires, see Michael Walzer, Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004) .

138      Aristotle, Politics (NuVision Publications, 2004).

142      Arnold Toynbee’s “fossil” statement is mentioned in “The Diaspora Age,” Time Magazine, 19 September 1960; also available online at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,826646,00.html.

143      Paul M. Johnson, History of the Jews (Harper Perennial, 1988).

147–148          Theodor Herzl, Letters and Journals (Jerusalem: Mizpa, 1928).

148–150          Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State, trans. and ed. Jacob M. Alko (New York: Dover, 1988).

151      Nahman Syrkin, The Jewish Problem and the Socialist-Jewish State (1898). The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader, ed. Arthur Hertzberg. (New York: Atheneum, 1969).

152      Nikolay Chernyshevsky, What Is to Be Done? (Cornell University Press; new ed., 1989).

153      David Ben-Gurion’s archives, letters, 9 January 1949.

153      David Ben-Gurion, The State of Israel Restored, vol. 1 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1969), pp. 432–433.

164      “A. B. Yehoshua Sparks University Press Roar in US,” Jerusalem Post, 4 May 2006; also available online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961275054&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. A. B. Yehoshua, “The Meaning of Homeland,” The A.B. Yehoshua Controversy, AJC, 2006, pp. 7–13; also available online at http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/{42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF}/Yehoushua_Controversy_2006.pdf. Shulamit Aloni, “An Israeli without hyphens,” Haaretz, 16 May 2006 (also in AJC publication, pp. 14–16); available online at http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1700373&ct=2489075 . Natan Sharansky, “There is no Zionism without Judaism,” Haaretz, 15 May 2006 (also in AJC publication, pp. 55–57); available online at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=715087.

168–169          Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, “Israel Is No. 1 Threat to Peace, Says EU Poll,” Daily Telegraph, 13 November 2003; also available online at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1445904/Israel-is-No-1-threat-to-peace,-says-EU-poll.html.

169–170          United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 equating Zionism to racism, adopted by the U.N. General Assembly on 10 November 1975. Available online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/a06f2943c226015c85256c40005d359c/761c1063530766a7052566a2005b74d1!OpenDocument.

171      Natan Sharansky, “On Hating the Jews,” Commentary Magazine, November 2003, pp. 26–34.

171      Natan Sharansky, “Seeing Anti-Semitism in 3D,” Jerusalem Post, 23 February 2004.

171      Natan Sharansky with Ron Dermer, The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror (PublicAffairs, 2004).

175–176          The Eric Hobsbawm interview appeared in Bulletin #19,  vol. 5, no.4 (May 1995) published quarterly by the East and Central Europe Program. Available online at http://www.newschool.edu/centers/ecep/ninet.htm.

176–177          Edward W. Said, Orientalism (Vintage, 1979).

177      Edward W. Said, “The One State Solution,” The New York Times, 10 January 1999; also available online at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00EFDC143EF933A25752C0A96F958260.

177      Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (Vintage, 1994).

177–179          Edward W. Said interview with Ari Shavit, Haaretz, 25 August 2000; also available online at http://www.middleeast.org/archives/8-00-31.htm.

182      Shlomo Avineri, “Post-Zionism Doesn’t Exist,” Haaretz, 8 July 2007; also available online at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/878936.html.

182–185          Ilan Pappe, “Fifty Years through the Eyes of New Historians in Israel,” Middle East Report, Summer 1998. Also “Post-Zionist Critique on Israel and the Palestinians,” Journal of Palestine Studies, Part I, XXVI, no. 2 (Winter 1997), pp. 29–41, and Part II, XXVI, no. 3 (Spring 1997),pp. 37–43. Also A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples (Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

183      Tony Judt, “Israel: The Alternative,” New York Review of Books vol. 50, no. 16 (23 October 2003).

185      The Haifa Declaration by leaders of the Arab Israeli community, 20 May 2007; also http://www.alternativenews.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=870.

186–188          Ruth Gavison, “The Jewish State: A Justification,” New Essays on Zionism, ed. Michael B. Oren with Yoram Hazoni and David Yazoni (Shalem Press, 2007).

204      John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689. Available online at http://www.constitution.org/jl/tolerati.htm.

205      On Salah Tamir’s experience in Israeli prison, see Aharon Barnea and Amalya Argaman, Lalehet Shevi (Israel: Idanim Publishing, 1996). Also mentioned at http://news.walla.co.il/?w=/77/550725/@@/item/printer.

207      Ari Shavit, “The Oslo Trap,” Haaretz, 9 September 1999; also available online at http://www.netanyahu.org/ostrapbyaris.html.

208      Shimon Peres, The New Middle East (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1993).

218      Emanuele Ottolenghi, “Can Europe Do Away with Nationalism?” European Outlook, American Enterprise Institute, May 2005; also available online at http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22572/pub_detail.asp.

223      Natan Sharansky, “Tour of U.S. Schools Reveals Why Zionism Is Flunking on Campus,” Forward, 24 October 2003; also available online at http://www.forward.com/articles/6901/.

227      The Prague Conference Web site is http://www.democracyandsecurity.org/.

230      For more on the question of the connection between democracy and identity in Iraq, see Natan Sharansky and Ron Dermer, “The Case for Freedom,” The American Spectator, 6 February 2007; also available online at http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=11625.

Additional Background Readings

Anti-Semitism

 “Analysis of Current Trends in Antisemitism,” Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism Annual Report, October 2001; also available online at http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/aar2001.pdf.

Margaret Brearley, “The Anglican Church, Jews and British Multiculturalism,” Hebrew University, Vidal Sassoon Center, 2007.

Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict VXI), Without Roots: Europe, Relativism, Christianity, Islam (New York: Basic Books, 2006).

Manfred Gerstenfeld, “Antisemitism and Permissiveness in Dutch Society,” Hebrew University, Vidal Sassoon Center, 2006. Available online at http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/ppgerstenfeld.html.

Stephen Greenblatt, “Open Letter to Mona Baker: Protesting the Academic Boycott of Israel,” 26 June 2002. Available online at http://www.tomgrossmedia.com/mideastdispatches/archives/000679.html.

“Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism, Parliament of Great Britain” (London: The Stationery Office Limited), September 2006; also available online at http://www.thepcaa.org/Report.pdf.

Sebastián Vivar Rodríguez, “Europe Died in Auschwitz” (Europa murió en Auschwitz), 21 November 2004; also available online at http://www.science.co.il/arab-israeli-conflict/Articles/Rodriguez-2005-09-23.asp.

“To Israel with Hate—and Guilt,” The Economist, 17 August 17, 2006; also available online at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5037/is_200608/ai_n18251684.

Robert Wistrich: “Antisemitism and Multiculturalism: The Uneasy Connection,” Posen Papers in Contemporary Antisemitism, no. 5 (2007), Hebrew University, Vidal Sassoon Center; also available online at http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/pprobert.pdf.

Human Rights

Axel Honneth, “Is Universalism a Moral Trap?” Perpetual Peace, ed. James Bohman and Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997).

Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).

Multiculturalism and Pluralism

Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Ethics of Identity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).

Kwame Anthony Appiah, Cosmopolitanism (New York: Norton, 2006).

Can Liberal PluralismBbe Exported? ed. Will Kymlicka and Magda Opalski (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations: Comparative European Perspectives, ed. Ruud Koopmans and Paul Statham (Oxford University Press, 2001).

William Connolly, The Bias of Pluralism (New York: Atherton Press, 1969).

Democracy and Mediating Structures: A Theological Inquiry, ed. Michael Novak (Washington D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1980).

Ethnicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXXIX, ed. Ian Shapiro and Will Kymlicka (New York: NY University Press, 1997).

Oriana Fallaci, The Rage and the Pride (Rizzoli International Publications, 2002). 

Alain Finielkraut, The Defeat of the Mind (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995).

Michael Ignatieff, Blood and Belonging (New York: Farrar Strauss, 1993).

Making the European Polity, ed. Erik Oddvar Erikson (New York: Routledge, 2005).

Peter Kivisto, Multiculturalism in a Global Society (Blackwell, 2002).

Hanif Kureishi, “The Carnival of Culture,” The Guardian, 4 August 2005; also available online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/aug/04/religion.uk.

Mark Lilla, “The Politics of God,” New York Times Magazine, 19 August 2007; also available online at http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/magazine/19Religion-t.html.

Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, ed. Amy Gutmann (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).

Multicultural States, ed. David Bennett (New York: Routledge, 1998).

Yasemin Nuhoglu-Soysal, Limits of Citizenship (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).

Nation and Identity in Contemporary Europe, ed. Brian Jenkinsand Spyros A. Sofos (New York: Routledge, 1996).

Michael O'Neill, The Politics of European Integration: A Reader (New York: Routledge, 1996).

Pluralism, Justice, and Equality, ed. David Miller and Michael Walzer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Malise Ruthven, “The Islamic Optimist,” NY Review of Books, 16 August 2007; also available online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20503.

Arthur Schlesinger, The Disuniting of America (New York: Norton, 1991).

Charles Taylor, Multiculturalism: The Politics of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).

The Ethnicity Reader, ed. Montserrat Guibernau and John Rex (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1997).

The Question of Europe, ed. Peter Gowan and Perry Anderson (London: Verso, 1997).

Understanding Anti-Americanism: Its Origins and Impact at Home and Abroad, ed. Paul Hollander (Ivan R. Dee, Publisher, 2005).

Michael Walzer with Edward T. Kantowicz, John Higham, and Mona Harrington, The Politics of Ethnicity (Harvard University Press, 1982).

Michael Walzer, On Toleration (Yale University Press, 1997).

Iris Marion Young, “Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship,” Ethics, vol. 99, no. 2 ( January 1989), pp. 250–274; also available online at http://www.jstor.org/page/termsConfirm.jsp?redirectUri=/stable/pdfplus/2381434.pdf.

Jan Zielonka, “Explaining Euro-Paralysis,” St. Antony's series (Macmillan Press, 1998).

Nationalism

Shlomo Avineri, “Marxism and Nationalism,” Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 26, no. 3/4, The Impact of Western Nationalisms: Essays Dedicated to Walter Z. Laqueur on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday (September, 1991), pp. 637–657; also available online at http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0094(199109)26%3A3%2F4%3C637%3AMAN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G.

Peter L. Berger and Richard J. Neuhous, To Empower People: From State to Civil Society, ed. Michael Novak (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute Press, 1995).

Isaiah Berlin, Against the Current (Penguin, 1975).

John Breuilly, “The State and Nationalism,” Understanding Nationalism, ed. M. Guibernau and J. Hutchinson (Cambridge UK: Polity Press, 2001).

William Galston, Liberal Purposes (Cambridge University Press, 1991).

Ernst Gellner, Encounters with Nationalism (Wiley-Blackwell, 1995).

Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Harvard University Press, 1992).

James Goodman, Nationalism and Transnationalism: The National Conflict in Ireland and European Union Integration (Avebury, 1996).

Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984).

David Miller, On Nationality (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1995).

Robert Nisbet, The Quest for Community (Oxford University Press, 1953).

Ernest Renan, What Is a Nation? (Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?) from a lecture at the Sorbonne, 11 March 1882; also available online at http://www.tamilnation.org/selfdetermination/nation/renan.htm.

Rethinking Nationalism and Ethnicity: The Struggle for Meaning and Order in Europe, ed. Hans-Rudolph Wicker (Oxford: Berg, 1997).

Roger Scruton, Philosopher on Dover Beach: Essays (St. Augustine's Press, 1997).

A. D. Smith, “National Identity and the Idea of European Unity,” International Affairs, vol. 68, no. 1 (January 1992), pp. 55–76; also available online at http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-5850(199201)68:1<55:NIATIO>2.0.CO;2-Z.

A. D. Smith, Myths and Memories of the Nation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

The Rights of Minority Cultures, ed. Will Kymlicka (Oxford University Press, 1995). 

Zionism and Post-Zionism

Arnold Eisen, “Reflections on the State of Zionist Thought,” Modern Judaism, vol. 18, no. 3, 1998.

Ruth Gavison, “Days of Worship and Days of Rest: A View from Israel” in Religion in the Public Sphere, ed. Winfried Brugger and Michael Karayanni Heidelberg, 2007. Prepared for a conference on State and Religion, Heidelberg, July 2005. Available online at http://www.gavison.com/?l=en&a=2695.

Ruth Gavison, “The Jews’ Right to Statehood: A Defense,” Azure, vol. 15 (2003); also available online at http://www.gavison.com/?l=en&a=2617.

Ruth Gavison, “The Right to Self-Determination,” Haaretz, 19 November 2007; also available online at http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/925055.html.

Ruth Gavison, “Law, Adjudication, Human Rights and Society,” Israel Law Review, vol. 40, no. 1 (Spring 2007).

Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul (New York: Basic/New Republic Books, 2000).

Theodor Hertzl, The Old New Land (Altneuland) (Random House, 1987).

Isaiah Berlin and David Ben-Gurion, “Religion, Identity and the State: An Exchange,” The New Republic, vol. 236 (January, 2007).

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Note: The photograph of Shira Weiss is copyright Debby Cooper, Jerusalem.